X-ray line profile analysis was applied to obtain structural parameters crystal lattice, grain size, micro-strain, dislocation density, dislocation arrangement, and the distance between two dislocations) of In3Te4 crystals. The samples were prepared by a special modification of vertical Bridgman -Stockbarger technique. This method was examined for the first time. The Bragg peak line shapes of In3Te4 crystals were analyzed using Scherrer equation, Williamson – Hall plot, and Warren - Averbach method. The effect of dislocation density on carrier mobility and carrier concentration was cheked. We concluded that the grown crystal is tetragonal In3Te4 crystal. The lattice parameters of the tetragonal In3Te4 have been calculated from 013), 020), 113), 015), 220), 222), 132), 332), 242), and 244) reflection planes. The density of dislocations, the average distance between the adjacent dislocation, the dislocation arrangement parameter, Hall mobility and carrier density have the values: 1.6 x 10-14 m-2, 8.27 nm, 0.177,339 Cm2 /V. Sec, 1.35 x 1014 Cm-3 respectively.

This paper proposes a comprehensive competitive-based scheme for procuring VAR ancillary services from the dynamic sources in an open-access environment. To make an incentive for the market participants, the proposed pricing mechanism includes VAR capacity as well as VAR utilization during system operation. In order to accommodate real power system circumstances and evaluate realistically expected total VAR capacity and utilization payment during the contracted period, multiple load levels and the associated critical contingencies for each load level with their occurrence probabilities are addressed. The problem is stated as a large-scale minimization problem so that the financial and technical issues, emphasizing voltage security issue, are regarded explicitly in a new unified single formulation. The proposed formulation stresses the fairly payment in terms of the VAR capacity and VAR utilization for the worthy VAR providers that are critical for keeping system security under multiple transition states. The method has been tested on IEEE-57 bus system to examine its capability.

In this paper, superconducting generator (SCG) stability enhancement via coordinated design of a governor controller (GC) and a static VAR compensator (SVC)-based fuzzy logic stabilizer is investigated. The GC is a conventional lead stabilizer activated by the speed error signal, while the signal produced by the SVC-based stabilizer is based on the SCG speed deviation and acceleration, and on two fuzzy membership functions reflecting few simple control rules. An objective function is defined and the design problem of efficient GC and SVC-based fuzzy stabilizer is formulated as an optimization problem. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is employed to search for optimal parameters of GC and SVC-based stabilizer. Simulation results show that the proposed PSO-tuned control scheme provides good damping to the SCG, and enhances its stability over a range of operating conditions.

In this paper, EOQ models with stochastic demand for items with imperfect quality are developed for two cases; with and without replacement of nonconforming items, considering 100% inspection policy with the assumption that an imperfect inspection is performed. An order is considered to be placed from a supplier when the inventory level reaches the reorder point. When the order is received, an inspector will inspect the whole lot with the consideration that Type I or Type II inspection errors could be committed by the inspector during the inspection process. The probability of misclassification errors is assumed to be known. The fraction nonconforming is assumed to be a random variable following a known distribution. The objective of this research is to determine the optimal order quantity and reorder point such that the total cost is minimized. A solution for determining the order quantity and reorder point is proposed. Numerical examples with some sensitivity analysis for important model parameters are provided for the proposed model. Possible future extensions to the presented model are presented in the conclusion.

This paper identifies the main types of solutions of Boolean equations as subsumptive general solutions, parametric general solutions and particular solutions. The paper offers a tutorial exposition, review, and comparison of the three types of solutions by way of two illustrative examples solved by both map and algebraic techniques. Map techniques are demonstrated to be at least competitive with (and occasionally superior to) algebraic techniques, since they have a better control on the minimality of the pertinent function representations, and hence are more capable of producing more compact general parametric and subsumptive solutions.