ABSTRACT: Storm wateranalysis is a highly daunting but useful task in arid regions which face seasonal flows from wadies. Flash floods causing threat to life and property require extensive management for their mitigation in such a way that it may help in reducing to some extent the problem of scarcity of water in the region. This vital issue demands in-depth analysis of rainfall and storm water. This research has analyzed rainfall in Qassim Region Saudi Arabia using statistical techniques. Future predictions have been made by the application of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Three ANFIS models were tested with different architectures and comparatively better performing one was used to simulate the future precipitation. Long historic records of rainfall from 1979 to 2015 collected from Municipality of Buraydah have been scrutinized. Seasonality of rainfall was examined by appraising the seasonality index (SI). The prevailing rainfall intensity was premeditated from Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) curves. Rational formula was used to find peak of storm-water. It was found that drainage of infrastructure needs improvements especially in downtown of Buraydah city, Saudi Arabia.

ABSTRACT: In Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia, the groundwater water has been affected due to presence of naturally occurring salts, radionuclides, and heavy metals. Municipalities are providing safe water to the community after efficient treatment processes in urban settings. While in villages and farms outside the cities’ boundaries, the population is using untreated water supplies for drinking and bathing drawn from private wells, thus is exposed to possible health risks. In present research, health risk assessment has been carried out for possible non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic hazards of naturally occurring heavy metals in groundwater. Quantitative risk assessment is performed for the population living outside the boundary of Buraydah’s water supply system. Data of thirty-seven groundwater samples, analyzed for eighteen heavy metals, was obtained from the municipality. In 8% of the samples, Manganese (Mn) concentration was higher than WHO drinking water quality guidelines while the levels of remaining metals were found lower than the guideline values. In few samples, Sb, Cu, Mo, Se, Ag, and TI, were found in very low concentrations which shows that these metals are not the elements of importance. Study results show that the population is exposed to ‘medium’level of non-carcinogenic risk (i.e., HIING> 1.0) through oral ingestion. Mn, V, Cr, and Ar are the main contributors to non-carcinogenic risk and should be given importance in subsequent investigations for health risk assessment in the study area. Non-carcinogenic risk due to dermal exposure is found to be ‘low’ with HIDER< 1.0.

ABSTRACT: The educational processes in the universities are supported and facilitated through many supporting units in the universities such as the student registration unit, libraries, scientific research deanship, information technology unit, etc. To ensure the realization of a comprehensive quality a system ensuring the quality in the university administration units has been developed in cooperation with these bodies. The developed criteria have been linked to both the ISO 9001 standards and the NCAAA standards for accrediting the institutions. The strong resulted linking proved that the suggested criteria will enablerigorous evaluation of the universities supporting deanships and directorates.

In arid and semi-arid countries, it is required to identify alternative potential sources of water and develop sustainable technologies for their recycling. A large amount of less contaminated ablution greywater (AGW) is being produced at the mosques in all Muslim countries including Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Therefore, AGW certainly possesses significant potential for recycling. In this study, a simple and cost-effective sustainable ablution greywater recycle system (SAGWRS) is proposed to collect, treat and recycle the AGW within the periphery of a mosque for toilet flushing. A conceptual model for SAGWRS was developed and evaluated through techno-economic analysis. The SAGWRS consists of a AGW collection and storage system, low cost ceramic filtration unit, activated carbon adsorption column, chlorine dispenser, and overhead tank to collect and distribute treated AGW. The SAGWRS meets the water quality standards for toilet flushing as well as for irrigation. A simple operation and maintenances procedure made the system sustainable and cost effective. The estimated cost (0.7-1.0 US$/m 3 ) of the SAGWRS was found to be considerably less than the municipality water cost (1.71 US$/m 3 ) in KSA. SAGWRS proposed in this study would be a prospective recycling practice of AGW in KSA for sustainable development. Based on the techno-economic analysis, the proposed system provides a sustainable approach of water conservation by on-site recycling of AGW in Muslims countries around the world.